Humans and many other animals can readily walk forward or backward. In insects, the nervous system changes the effects of sense organs that signal forces on a leg when the direction of walking is reversed.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Background: High age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Approved drugs that slow down the aging process have the potential to be repurposed for the primary prevention of AD. The aim of our project was to use a reverse translational approach to identify such drug candidates in epidemiological data followed by validation in cell-based models and animal models of aging and AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep learning-based aberration compensation improves contrast and resolution in fluorescence microscopy.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Optical aberrations hinder fluorescence microscopy of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here we introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition, applying additional dose, or introducing more optics. Our method (i) introduces synthetic aberrations to images acquired on the shallow side of image stacks, making them resemble those acquired deeper into the volume and (ii) trains neural networks to reverse the effect of these aberrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlobby is a synaptic active zone assembly protein required for memory in Drosophila.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
At presynaptic active zones (AZs), scaffold proteins are critical for coordinating synaptic vesicle release and forming essential nanoarchitectures. However, regulatory principles steering AZ scaffold assembly, function, and plasticity remain insufficiently understood. We here identify an additional Drosophila AZ protein, "Blobby", essential for proper AZ nano-organization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAberrant neuronal hyperactivation causes an age-dependent behavioral decline in .
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Group of Microbial Motility, Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
Age-dependent sensory impairment, memory loss, and cognitive decline are generally attributed to neuron loss, synaptic dysfunction, and decreased neuronal activities over time. Concurrently, increased neuronal activity is reported in humans and other organisms during aging. However, it is unclear whether neuronal hyperactivity is the cause of cognitive impairment or a compensatory mechanism of circuit dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploitation of phylum-spanning omics resources reveals complexity in the nematode FLP signalling system and provides insights into flp-gene evolution.
BMC Genomics
December 2024
School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
Background: Parasitic nematodes significantly undermine global human and animal health and productivity. Parasite control is reliant on anthelmintic administration however over-use of a limited number of drugs has resulted in escalating parasitic nematode resistance, threatening the sustainability of parasite control and underscoring an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), the largest family of nematode neuropeptides, modulate nematode behaviours including those important for parasite survival, highlighting FLP receptors (FLP-GPCRs) as appealing putative novel anthelmintic targets.
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