A stand-alone kymographic system for visualizing human vocal-fold vibration in real time is presented. By using a dual charge-coupled-device construction, the system not only provides kymographic images but also simultaneously presents structural images for navigating the endoscope to a desired position. With a temporal resolution of 7200 lines/s, the kymographic imaging produces a sufficient speed to investigate most types of vocal-fold vibrations. Moreover, by buffering the kymographic images during the vertical blanking periods, the system can retrieve an uninterrupted kymographic image sequence even though the television standard is used. The results from preliminary clinical evaluation present evidence that the real-time kymographic imaging substantially reduces the time required for functional evaluation of the vocal-fold vibrations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430622 | DOI Listing |
Methods Mol Biol
November 2024
Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Neuronal mitochondria are essential organelles to maintain synaptic activity due to the high calcium buffering capacity and ATP production. In neurons, mitochondria transport occurs along the microtubules mediated by motor proteins, kinesins and dynein, to drive mitochondria toward the synapses. Disruption of axonal transport is an early pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders and growing evidence supports that it may precede neurodegeneration.
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August 2024
Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Amoeboid cell motility is fundamental for a multitude of biological processes such as embryogenesis, immune responses, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. It is characterized by specific cell shape changes: the extension and retraction of membrane protrusions, known as pseudopodia. A common approach to investigate the mechanisms underlying this type of cell motility is to study phenotypic differences in the locomotion of mutant cell lines.
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August 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Actin flow refers to the motion of the F-actin cytoskeleton and has been observed in many different cell types, especially in motile cells including neuronal growth cones. The direction of the actin flow is generally retrograde from the periphery toward the center of the cell. Actin flow can be harnessed for forward movement of the cell through substrate-cytoskeletal coupling; thus, a key function of actin flow is in cell locomotion.
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August 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Time-lapse imaging of the subcellular localization and dynamic behavior of proteins is critical to understand their biological functions in cells. With the advent of various methodologies and computational tools, the precise tracking and quantification of protein spatiotemporal dynamics have become feasible. Kymograph analysis, in particular, has been extensively adopted for the quantitative assessment of proteins, vesicles, and organelle movements.
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March 2024
Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The study of microtubule (MT) dynamics is essential for the understanding of cellular transport, cell polarity, axon formation, and other neurodevelopmental mechanisms. All these processes rely on the constant transition between assembly and disassembly of tubulin polymers to/from MTs, known as dynamic instability. This process is well-regulated, among others, by phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins (MAP), including the Tau protein.
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