Aim: To determine the changes in thyroid pathology resulting from obligatory salt iodization in a group of children aged 8-12 years from the rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska Region, Poland.
Population And Methods: The survey was conducted on 1215 children, of both sexes, 402 of whom were examined in 1992 (before salt iodization), 408 in 2000, and 405 in 2005 (after salt iodization beginning in 1996). Thyroid ultrasound, urinary iodine, FT4, FT3, TSH and antithyroid antibodies were measured.
Results: A significant drop in goiter cases was observed (35.4% in 1992 vs 6.3% in 2005), coupled with a marked increase of urinary iodine. There were also changes in ultrasonography and elevated levels of antibodies.
Conclusions: The study proves the high efficacy of iodine prophylaxis. Despite a growing number of children with elevated antithyroid antibody titers, only a slight increase of autoimmune thyroid disorders was observed.
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