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Variability in Vaccine Response and Trajectory in Early Childhood and Association with Demographic Variables, Antibiotic Exposure and Infection Proneness.
J Infect Dis
January 2025
College of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY.
Introduction: We sought to explore the variability of antibody responses to multiple vaccines during early life in individual children, assess the trajectory of each child longitudinally, determine the associations of demographic variables and antibiotic exposures with vaccine-induced immunity, and link vaccine responsiveness to infection proneness.
Methods: In 357 prospectively-recruited children, age six through 36 months, antibody levels to 13 routine vaccine antigens were measured in sera at multiple time points and normalized to their respective protective thresholds to categorize children into four groups: very low, low, normal, and high vaccine responder. Demographic variables and frequency of antibiotic exposure data were collected.
Analytical Challenges in Novel Pentavalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (A, C, Y, W, X).
Vaccines (Basel)
October 2024
Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd., Pune 411 028, India.
Multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines are a significant focus for the scientific community in light of the WHO's mission to defeat meningitidis by 2030. Well-known meningococcal vaccines such as MenAfriVac, Nimenrix, Menveo, and MenQuadfi are licensed in various parts of the world and have been successful. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) qualified MenFive (meningococcal A, C, Y, W, and X) conjugate vaccine, further enhancing the battery of vaccines against meningitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumoral and cellular immune responses induced by serogroup W135 meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines.
Vaccine
April 2024
Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China. Electronic address:
Investigating the mechanisms by which W135 meningococcal conjugate (PSW135-TT) activates adaptive immune responses in mice can provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune mechanisms of bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. We compared B-cell and T-cell immune responses immunized with W135 meningococcal capsular polysaccharides (PSW135), tetanus toxoid (TT) and PSW135-TT in mice. The results showed that PSW135-TT could induce higher PSW135-specific and TT-specific IgG antibodies with a significant enhancement after two doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolysaccharide Aldehydes and Ketones: Synthesis and Reactivity.
Biomacromolecules
April 2024
Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
Polysaccharides are biodegradable, abundant, sustainable, and often benign natural polymers. The achievement of selective modification of polysaccharides is important for targeting specific properties and structures and will benefit future development of highly functional, sustainable materials. The synthesis of polysaccharides containing aldehyde or ketone moieties is a promising tool for achieving this goal because of the rich chemistry of aldehyde or ketone groups, including Schiff base formation, nucleophilic addition, and reductive amination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFO-phthalaldehyde based quantification of polysaccharide modification in conjugate vaccines.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
April 2024
Research & Development, Biological E Limited, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India. Electronic address:
Polysaccharide-based vaccines cannot stimulate long-lasting immune response in infants due to their inability to elicit a T-cell-dependent immune response. This has been addressed using conjugation technology, where conjugates were produced by coupling a carrier protein to polysaccharides using different conjugation chemistries, such as cyanylation, reductive amination, ethylene diamine reaction, and others. Many glycoconjugate vaccines that are manufactured using different conjugation technologies are already in the market for neonates, infants and young children (e.
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