Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Children experience moderate to severe pain in the days after tonsillectomy surgery. This article describes the challenges of analyzing data from pain diaries 24 hours after ambulatory tonsillectomy surgery. Instructions were to record pain levels every 4 hours and the analgesic as given; however, the number of entries was inconsistent, making comparison of groups difficult. The use of analgesics can threaten the construct validity of cause and must be considered and controlled statistically. Opioids were converted to morphine equivalents and the nonopioids were held as a separate covariate. This article describes the steps taken to find an appropriate statistical means of dealing with inconsistent diary entries and analgesic use. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) provides a means to analyze unbalanced data and control for analgesics. Issues of control must be addressed in research that measures children's pain in the home. HLM can address issues of incomplete data in repeated-measures studies.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945906295535 | DOI Listing |
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