AI Article Synopsis
- Scientists found that certain DNA sequences called polyglutamine tracts can sometimes get longer and cause problems in the nervous system.
- These polyglutamine sequences are important and show up in many living things, but their lengths can be really different even among the same species.
- A special protein called Hsp70 helps keep these polyglutamine sequences from expanding too much, but it might also be used up when the environment gets too hot, leading to more issues for the flies.
Article Abstract
Repetitive DNA sequences that encode polyglutamine tracts are prone to expansion and cause highly deleterious phenotypes of neurodegeneration. Despite this tendency,polyglutamine tracts ("polyQs") are conserved features of eukaryotic genomes. PolyQs are the most frequent protein-coding homotypic repeat in insect genomes, and are found predominantly in genes encoding transcription factors conserved from Drosophila through human. Although highly conserved across species, polyQ lengths vary widely within species. In D. melanogaster, polyQs in 25 genes have more alleles and higher heterozygosity than all other poly-amino acid tracts. The heat shock protein Hsp70 is a principal suppressor of polyQ expansions and may play a key role in modulating the phenotypes of the alleles that encode them. Hsp70 also promotes tolerance of natural thermal stress in Drosophila and diverse organisms,a role which may deplete the chaperone from buffering against polyQ toxicity. Thus in stressful environments, natural selection against long polyQ alleles more prone to expansion and deleterious phenotypes may be more effective. This hypothesis can be tested by measuring the phenotypic interactions between Hsp70 and polyQ transgenes in D. melanogaster undergoing natural thermal stress, an approach which integrates comparative genomics with experimental and ecological genetics.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12038-007-0053-9 | DOI Listing |
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