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Cinnamic acid alleviates endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress by targeting PPARδ in obesity and diabetes.
Chin Med
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
Objective: Cinnamic acid (CA) is a bioactive compound isolated from cinnamon. It has been demonstrated to ameliorate inflammation and metabolic diseases, which are associated with endothelial dysfunction. This study was aimed to study the potential protective effects of CA against diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOvercoming β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: CD36 Inhibition and Antioxidant System.
Diabetes Metab J
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by chronic hyperglycemia, gradually worsening β-cell failure, and insulin resistance. Glucotoxicity and oxidative stress cause β-cell failure by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairing insulin secretion, and disrupting transcription factors such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA). Cluster determinant 36 (CD36), an essential glycoprotein responsible for fatty acid uptake, exacerbates oxidative stress and induces the apoptosis of β-cells under hyperglycemic conditions through pathways involving ceramide, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and Rac1-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-mediated redoxosome formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMasking in Active Comparator Designs in Pharmacovigilance: A Retrospective Bias Analysis on the Spontaneous Reporting of Thiazolidinediones and Cardiovascular Events.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
January 2025
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Introduction: Masking is a reporting bias where drug safety signals are muffled by elevated reporting of other medications in spontaneous reporting databases. While the impact of masking is often limited, its effect when using restricted designs, such as active comparators, can be consequential.
Methods: We used data from the US Food and Drugs Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (1999Q3-2013Q3) to study masking in a real-world example.
Combination of dapagliflozin and pioglitazone lacks superiority against monotherapy in streptozotocin-induced nephropathy.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, SK-83232, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are highly engaged in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In monotherapy, dapagliflozin and pioglitazone positively modulate target organ damage even independently of their hypoglycaemic effect. This study evaluated whether a simultaneous PPARγ activation and SGLT cotransporter inhibition offer superior protection against DN-related oxidative and apoptotic processes in a T1DM rat model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral administration of pioglitazone inhibits pulmonary hypertension by regulating the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in male rats.
Physiol Rep
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.
The oral administrated thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been widely reported to alleviate experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, previous studies mainly focused on their beneficial effects on the cardiopulmonary vascular system but failed to determine their potential roles on gut microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, an oral TZD drug, on gut microbiome in classic PH rat models induced by hypoxia (HPH) or SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx-PH) and evaluate the therapeutic potential of supplementation of selective probiotics for experimental PH.
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