Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common human demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is universally accepted that the immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of MS. For decades, CD4 T cells have been considered the predominant mediator of neuropathology in MS. This perception was largely due to the similarity between MS and CD4 T-cell-driven experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the most commonly studied murine model of MS. Over the last decade, several new observations in MS research imply an emerging role for CD8 T cells in neuropathogenesis. In certain experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models, CD8 T cells are considered suppressors of pathology, whereas in other EAE models, neuropathology can be exacerbated by adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells. Studies using the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model have demonstrated preservation of motor function and axonal integrity in animals deficient in CD8 T cells or their effector molecules. CD8 T cells have also been demonstrated to be important regulators of blood-brain barrier permeability. There is also an emerging role for CD8 T cells in human MS. Human genetic studies reveal an important role for HLA class I molecules in MS susceptibility. In addition, neuropathologic studies demonstrate that CD8 T cells are the most numerous inflammatory infiltrate in MS lesions at all stages of lesion development. CD8 T cells are also capable of damaging neurons and axons in vitro. In this chapter, we discuss the neuropathologic, genetic, and experimental evidence for a critical role of CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of MS and its most frequently studied animal models. We also highlight important new avenues for future research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(07)79004-9 | DOI Listing |
Am J Clin Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of platinum-refractory advanced bladder cancer, offering hope where options are limited. Response varies, however, influenced by factors such as the tumor's immune microenvironment and prior therapy. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is stratified into molecular subtypes, with distinct clinicopathologic features affecting prognosis and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscov Oncol
January 2025
Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Cell
January 2025
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTurk Arch Pediatr
January 2025
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Objective: Prolidase deficiency is a metabolic and immunological disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In prolidase deficiency, a broad spectrum of differences is observed in patients, ranging from asymptomatic to multisystem involvement. There is scarce information in the literature on the atypical features and immunophenotypes of this disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA.
Camptothecin (CPT), a chemotherapeutic agent, demonstrates significant potential in cancer therapy. However, as a drug, CPT molecule suffers from poor water solubility, limited bioavailability, and insufficient immune response. Herein, we construct CPT nanofibers (CNF) with a right-handed chiral property via supramolecular self-assembly, which significantly overcomes the solubility barriers associated with bioavailability and improves tumor immune prognosis.
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