Hildanus' specula.

Otol Neurotol

Published: June 2007

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mao.0000265204.69872.9bDOI Listing

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Wilhelm Fabricius von Hilden (1560-1634) or also known with his Latinized name Guilielmus Fabricius Hildanus is considered the founder of scientific German surgery. He introduced new surgical techniques and invented new surgical instruments for the surgical treatment of nasal polyps, stone bladder, breast and ocular cancer, hydrocele, and ascites, while very ingenious were his amputation techniques. His most important surgical treatise was Observationem et curationem chirurgicam centuriae sex ( Six Hundred Surgical Observations and Treatments) first published in 1606.

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Background: Historical vignettes are often included in scientific otological articles. However, they may contain inaccuracies and errors when authors use secondary or compiled texts rather than primary source material.

Methods: Examples of errors arising from the use of secondary sources are obtained from compiled works in comparison with original publications, with a particular focus on Hildanus' speculum.

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The treatment of nasal polyps in the past is described. The role of such physicians as Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, Guy de Chauliac, Gabrele Fallopio, Fabricius Hildanus are depicted, the significance of such XIX century physicians as Joseph Toynbee, Anton von Troeltsch, Joseph Gruber, Adam Politzer, Friedrich Voltolini and Bronisław Taczanowski, Teodor Heiman at Polish territories are presented with full particulars. The problems of pathological anatomy, symptomatology and especially the treatment of aural polyps is strongly pointed out.

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Background: The etymology of the anatomical terms and their use in history are elucidated: "Tonsil" (from Latin tonsa = the oar) in use since Celsus (about 40 AD). The Greek terms of that time, "antiádes", "paristhmia", were not adopted in later medical terminology. "Amygdala" (Greek/Latin = the almond) was introduced by Vesalius in 1543.

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