Objectives: Although endoscopic treatment provides a high rate of success in children with grades II-IV vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), its role in the management of grade V reflux has been questioned. In this study we reviewed our 21-yr experience of endoscopic treatment in children with grade V primary VUR.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 132 children who underwent endoscopic treatment for primary grade V reflux from 1984 to 2004. VUR was unilateral in 39 patients and bilateral in 34, and 59 patients had ipsilateral grade V reflux with a lower grade of VUR on the contralateral side. Endoscopic treatment was performed in a total of 166 grade V ureters; polytetrafluoroethylene was used from 1984 to 2000 and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid from 2001 to 2004. Median follow-up was 12.2 yr and mean follow-up was 13.4 yr.
Results: VUR was completely resolved after first injection in 88 (53%) ureters and downgraded to grade I or II in 26 (15.7%). VUR resolved after a second and third injection in 36 (21.7%) and 10 (6%) of ureters, respectively. Endoscopic treatment failed to correct VUR in 6 (3.6%) ureters, requiring ureteral reimplantation in 5 and nephrectomy in 1. Thirteen patients developed urinary tract infections during the follow-up period, and on investigation 9 ureters (5.4%) had recurrence of VUR. No injection or morbidity related to tissue-augmenting substances was noted in any patient.
Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment should be the first-line of treatment in management of grade V vesicoureteral reflux.
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