The early stages of phase evolution, not available for nanometer polymer blend films spin-cast from solutions of incompatible mixtures, have been examined for films prepared from nanoparticles of deuterated polystyrene/ poly(methyl methacrylate) blends (1:1 mass fraction of dPS/PMMA) with PS-PMMA diblock copolymer additives. The initial phase arrangement, confined to the size of nanoparticles, has provided the homogeneity of the initial film composition. The early stages of structure formation, promoted by annealing and traced with atomic and lateral force microscopy (AFM, LFM) as well as secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), resulted in bilayers, observed commonly for as-prepared solvent-cast blends. The initiated capillary instability of the upper dPS-rich layer depended on copolymer additives, which enhanced the lateral structures pinning the dewetting process.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Orgánica, IMEYMAT, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Polymer blending is an interesting strategy to broaden the combination of properties available for a variety of applications. To understand the behaviour of the new materials obtained as well as the influence of the fabrication parameters used, methods to analyse the distribution of polymers in the blend with resolution below the micrometer are required. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of focused ion beam (FIB) tomography to provide 3D information of the polymer distribution in objects obtained by blending acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) with polycarbonate (PC) (50 wt%), fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and by Injection Moulding (IM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Planning & Resources), University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent a promising class of biodegradable polyesters synthesized by various microorganisms as energy storage compounds. Their versatility and environmental friendliness make them potential candidates for replacing conventional plastics across numerous applications. However, challenges such as limited mechanical properties, high production costs, and thermal instability have hindered their widespread adoption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
January 2025
Institute of Integrated & Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
This study focused on developing biodegradable packaging films based on starch as an alternative to non-biodegradable such as petroleum-derived synthetic polymers. To improve its physicochemical properties, potato starch was chemically modified through phosphorylation. Starch phosphorylation was carried out using cyclic 1,3-propanediol phosphoryl chloride (CPPC), produced phosphorylated starch (PS), and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
Chain-end reactivation of polymethacrylates generated by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has emerged as a powerful tool for triggering depolymerization at significantly milder temperatures than those traditionally employed. In this study, we demonstrate how the facile depolymerization of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) can be leveraged to selectively skew the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and predictably alter the viscoelastic properties of blended PBMA mixtures. By mixing polymers with thermally active chain ends with polymers of different molecular weights and inactive chain ends, the MWD of the blends can be skewed to be high or low by selective depolymerization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
The side-chain directions in nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) strongly influence the intermolecular interactions in NFAs; however, the influence of these side chains on the morphologies and charge carrier dynamics of Y6-based acceptors remains underexplored. In this study, we synthesize four distinct Y6-based acceptors, i.e.
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