The proportion of recurrent tuberculosis (TB) cases caused by re-infection has varied widely in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative frequency of relapse and exogenous re-infection in patients with second episodes of TB, using DNA fingerprinting. A population-based retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted in Madrid (Spain) during 1992-2004. The study consisted of 645 patients with culture-confirmed TB. Of these, 20 (3.1%) were retained because they presented with a second isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Finally, 12 of these cases were excluded because they did not complete the full treatment prescribed. All strains were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and some by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats analysis. The patients with recurrent TB were compared with those without recurrent TB. For seven out of the eight patients, the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the episodes of recurrent disease showed identical initial and final genotypes, indicating relapse; the remaining recurrent case showed different genotypes, suggesting exogenous re-infection. Re-infection is possible among people in developed countries, but the rates are lower than those occurring in high-risk areas. The risk factors for recurrent tuberculosis should be taken into account in the follow-up of treatment and tuberculosis control strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00005107 | DOI Listing |
Med J Malaysia
January 2025
Tuberculosis/Leprosy Unit, Selangor State Health Department, Malaysia.
Introduction: Despite the availability of highly effective treatment for tuberculosis (TB), patients with TB may experience a relapse, which can be either a result of the disease reactivating or a new episode induced by reinfection. In Malaysia, there has been a noticeable rise in relapse TB cases, with a substantial rate of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among this population. This study seeks to examine the trends of unsuccessful treatment outcomes in relapse TB patients and explore how factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, TB disease profile, TB treatment profile, and comorbidities contribute to the outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction Despite the favorable prognosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD), some patients experience disease recurrence. Therefore, determining recurrence prognostic factors is very crucial to identify patients at risk of early relapse, maintain remission, and improve outcomes. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled HD patients at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2018.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGMS Hyg Infect Control
December 2024
Department of ENT, Sree Balaji Medical college Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Actinomycosis is an endogenous bacterial infection caused by . This bacterium reside on the mucosa of oral cavity, tonsils, and genitourinary tract. Any insult such as trauma, surgery, or foreign body disrupts the mucosal barrier and gives entry to the underlying tissue to cause disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIJID Reg
March 2025
SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Objectives: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized opportunistic pathogens found ubiquitously in the environment. The presence of multiple NTM species at the site of disease complicates diagnosis and treatment.
Case And Management: A 40-year-old patient who tested positive for HIV, with an absolute clusters of differentiation 4+ T-cell count of 3 cells/µl and cryptococcaemia, presented with hemoptysis, productive cough, and weight loss.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis
January 2025
Community Medicine Department, GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Long-term follow-up of tuberculosis (TB) is important to monitor treatment outcomes, prevent relapse, and improve patient care. The aims of the current study are: i) to assess various epidemiological parameters among TB survivors, like mortality and morbidity, with emphasis on recurrence status during pre-defined long-term follow-up; ii) to assess factors responsible for the recurrence of TB among study participants. A prospective observational study was conducted among cured cases of pulmonary TB registered at the TB unit of Ahmedabad City, India.
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