Electron beam wire tomography in the H-1NF heliac enables high resolution mapping of vacuum flux surfaces with minimal disruption of the plasma operations schedule. Recent experimental results have proven this technique to be a highly accurate and high resolution method for mapping vacuum magnetic islands. Islands of width as small as delta approximately 8 mm have been measured, providing estimates of the internal rotational transform of the island. Point-to-point comparison of the mapping results with computer tracing, in conjunction with an image warping technique, enables systematic exploration of magnetic islands and surfaces of interest. Recent development of a fast mapping technique significantly reduced the mapping time and made this technique suitable for mapping at higher magnetic fields. This article presents recent experimental results and associated techniques.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2424453 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Background: Dual decline in gait and cognition is associated with an increased risk of dementia, with combined gait and memory decline exhibiting the strongest association. However, little is known about the underlying brain correlates. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations between measures of brain structure and dual decline in gait and cognition across several cognitive domains.
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December 2024
Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) related cognitive decline occurs at relatively young ages in individuals with Down syndrome (DS, early-mid 50s) and in those with autosomal dominant mutations (ADAD, 40-50s). Both groups show similar patterns of amyloid accumulation. We examined if brain volumes are similarly affected by AD pathology in individuals with DS and ADAD.
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December 2024
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Background: Few population-based studies have comprehensively examined the association between impaired olfactory identification and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and regional brain volumes in a general older population without dementia.
Method: A total of 1,292 participants without dementia aged 65 years or older underwent a Japanese Pocket Smell Test, an assessment of cognitive function, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning in 2017-2018. Impaired olfactory identification was defined as incorrect identification of three or more odors in the Japanese Pocket Smell Test, where participants sniffed eight microencapsulated odors (strawberries, chocolate, mint, smoke, soap, grapes, onions, and roses) and selected the corresponding odor from four choices for each odor.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
NZ Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Background: The projected doubling of dementia prevalence by 2050 highlights the critical importance of altering the dementia trajectory and associated burden. Modifiable risk factors account for 40% of dementia risk (Livingston et al, 2020), including physical inactivity in late life. Protective effects of physical activity (PA) may be greater during earlier stages of neuropathological change, either directly by influencing the brain, or, indirectly by protecting against hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.
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December 2024
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Background: In early Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is associated with volume loss in the basal forebrain (BF) and cognitive decline. However, the extent to which Aβ-related BF atrophy manifests as cognitive decline is not understood. This study sought to characterize the relationships between Aβ burden, BF atrophy, and the decline in memory and attention in older individuals without dementia.
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