[Clinical features of vocal disorders in population of megapolis].

Vocal problems in population of a megapolis are caused, primarily, by acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract of viral etiology and exacerbation of chronic pharyngolaryngitis in smokers and vocal professionals. Organic diseases of the vocal folds are rare finding in outpatients (0.2-0.3%). Functional vocal disorders are accompanied by other diseases: hypertension, cervical osteochondrosis, hormonal abnormalities. Therefore, normalization of voice is impossible without treatment os such diseases. Functional voice disorders manifest with reduction of time of fonation expiration >17 seconds, by clavicular or thoracic-clavicular respiration, abdominal respiration, a decrease of vital capacity of the lungs, positive ventalin test, low voice sound intensity, constrained timbre.