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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2725863PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1302.061290DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can evade detection and often gets misdiagnosed as other infections, resulting in incorrect treatment.
  • A case study highlights a middle-aged diabetic man who was mistakenly diagnosed with tuberculosis instead of melioidosis after multiple symptoms including high fever and joint swelling.
  • Effective treatment required a specific antibiotic regimen (meropenem and cotrimoxazole) over several weeks, demonstrating the importance of accurate identification to ensure the right medication is administered.
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Melioidosis is a fatal infectious disease caused by . Its clinical manifestations are so varied that it has been called a great mimic. The primary melioidotic prostatic disease usually presents as an abscess of the prostate.

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Background: Melioidosis is an infection caused by , a Gram-negative bacterium. It is a disease endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia although its global incidence has been rising. It most commonly infects people with certain identified risk factors such as diabetes, alcoholism, thalassemia, and underlying chronic disease involving lungs, kidney and liver.

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The genus comprises Gram-negative bacteria that are metabolically complex and versatile, often thriving in hostile settings. , the causative agent of melioidosis, is a prominent member of the genus and a clinical pathogen in tropical and sub-tropical regions. This pathogen is well known for its multidrug resistance and possible bioweapon potential.

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3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) use is associated with a lower risk of incident pneumonia and, less robustly, with nonpulmonary infections. Whether statin use is associated with a lower risk of pneumonia than other clinical presentations of infection with the same pathogen is unknown. To assess whether preadmission statin use is associated with a lower risk of pneumonia than nonpneumonia presentations among patients hospitalized with infection (melioidosis).

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