Laws such as .08 blood alcohol content, open container, and license revocation provide a policy framework for reducing drinking and driving. Drinking and driving behavior is difficult to assess; unlike property and violent crimes, where incidence statistics can approximate behavior, most drink-driving trips go undetected. The authors develop a novel measure of drink-driving propensity by estimating an item response model using national survey data. The authors illustrate their measures in the aggregate and as they relate to law enforcement efforts in the American states.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841X070310030401 | DOI Listing |
PeerJ
January 2025
Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Grazing can alter the physicochemical properties of soil and quickly influence the composition of microbial communities. However, the effects of grazing intensity on fungal community composition in different soil depth remain unclear. On the Inner Mongolia Plateau, we studied the effects of grazing intensity treatments including no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and over grazing (OG) on the physicochemical properties and fungal community composition of surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil layers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
College of Geographic Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China. Electronic address:
The changes in lake ice phenology (LIP) can intuitively reflect the climate evolution in the regions where lakes are located, serving as an important indicator of climate change. The Tianshan Mountains, situated at the southern edge of freezing lakes in the Northern Hemisphere, are a crucial water resource base in Xinjiang and support significant ecosystems closely related to human activities. In the context of intensified climate change, this study focuses on the geographical location, altitude, and water quality differences among large lake groups in the mid-latitude region of Xinjiang, aiming to explore the characteristics of LIP changes in these lakes and their responses to driving factors, thereby providing a basis for effective environmental management and protection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeg Med (Tokyo)
January 2025
Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. Electronic address:
Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are the leading cause of death in childhood and young adult age. One of the most important factors behind MVA is driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) and drugs (DUID). The importance of DUID is rising together with the increasing drug abuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccid Anal Prev
January 2025
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, PR China.
Freeway tunnel approach zones, situated outside the tunnel, do not undergo the same sudden changes in luminous environment and visual references that entrance zones experience. Despite this, accident data indicates that approach zones present similar safety risks to entrance zones, both of which are significantly higher than other tunnel sections. The reasons for the heightened risks in approach zones remain unclear in existing research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Addict Behav
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.
Objective: Alcohol use offers social benefits for young adults, but also carries risk of significant negative consequences. Better understanding of processes driving alcohol use for those who experience negative consequences can prevent these harms. These at-risk young adults likely have drinking patterns in common and patterns unique to each individual.
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