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Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling.
iScience
February 2025
Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
The vagus nerve is proposed to enable communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, but activity-based evidence is lacking. We find that mice reared germ-free exhibit decreased vagal tone relative to colonized controls, which is reversed via microbiota restoration. Perfusing antibiotics into the small intestines of conventional mice, but not germ-free mice, acutely decreases vagal activity which is restored upon re-perfusion with intestinal filtrates from conventional, but not germ-free, mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmediate Postoperative Activation of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) for Super-refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report.
Cureus
December 2024
Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, MEX.
Anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis (ANRE) is a rare autoimmune condition targeting brain receptors, often linked to ovarian tumors in young women. In severe cases, it can lead to status epilepticus, but in sporadic cases, it may progress to super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), a dangerous state of continuous or repetitive seizures demanding urgent medical attention that continues or recurs more than 24 hours after the initiation of anesthetic therapy. We present a case report of anti-NMDA receptor limbic encephalitis-triggered SRSE terminated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and titrated to high stimulation parameters in the immediate postoperative period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA quantitative amplitude of vagus nerve obtained by intraoperative neuromonitoring predicts postoperative vocal cord paralysis among patients in thyroid/parathyroid surgery as a second option.
Surg Open Sci
January 2025
Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital/Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is valuable in thyroid/parathyroid surgeries and aims to assess vocal cord paralysis (VCP) through variations in recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) amplitudes.
- A study involving 728 RLNs found that specific amplitude ranges (particularly V2 at 117-216 μV) effectively predicted VCP with high sensitivity and specificity.
- The findings suggest that measuring V2 amplitudes can serve as a reliable method to predict postoperative VCP, especially when initial vagus nerve exposure is limited.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Front Aging Neurosci
January 2025
Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Background: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a novel noninvasive adjunct therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), yet no quantitative analysis had been conducted to assess its therapeutic effect.
Objectives: This review aimed to investigate the efficacy of tVNS on motor function, other potential clinical targets and its safety in various treatment conditions.
Methods: We searched six databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved treating PD patients with tVNS.
Recurrent obstructive sleep apnea precipitated by vagus nerve stimulator despite weight loss and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.
Epileptic Disord
January 2025
Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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