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Toxigenic serogroups O1 and O139 of Vibrio cholerae may cause cholera epidemics or pandemics. Nontoxigenic strains within these serogroups also exist in the environment, and also some may cause sporadic cases of disease. Herein, we investigate the genomic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenic O1 and O139 strains by comparative genomic microarray hybridization with the genome of El Tor strain N16961 as a base. Conservation of the toxigenic O1 El Tor and O139 strains is found as previously reported, whereas accumulation of genome changes was documented in toxigenic El Tor strains isolated within the 40 years of the seventh pandemic. High phylogenetic diversity in nontoxigenic O1 and O139 strains is observed, and most of the genes absent from nontoxigenic strains are clustered together in the N16961 genome. By comparing these toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, we observed that the small chromosome of V. cholerae is quite conservative and stable, outside of the superintegron region. In contrast to the general stability of the genome, the superintegron demonstrates pronounced divergence among toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains. Additionally, sequence variation in virulence-related genes is found in nontoxigenic El Tor strains, and we speculate that these intermediate strains may have pathogenic potential should they acquire CTX prophage alleles and other gene clusters. This genome-wide comparison of toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae strains may promote understanding of clonal differentiation of V. cholerae and contribute to an understanding of the origins and clonal selection of epidemic strains.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.01959-06 | DOI Listing |
Food Chem
December 2024
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address:
A rapid and non-invasive mass spectrometry-based electronic nose (MS-eNose) method, combined with chemometric analysis, was developed for the early detection of Aspergillus westerdijkiae on caciocavallo cheeses during ripening process. MS-eNose analyses were carried out on caciocavallo inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA) non-producing species and artificially contaminated with A. westerdijkiae, an OTA producing species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
() is a global threat and has significant implications for individuals and health care systems. Little is known about host molecular mechanisms and transcriptional changes in peripheral immune cells. This is the first gene expression study in whole blood from patients with infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Genom
December 2024
Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
Non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 (NVC) isolates are associated with diarrhoeal disease globally. NVC-related infections are on the rise, representing one of the most striking examples of emerging human diseases linked to climate change. This study aims to give a better picture of the evolution of NCV incidence in Spain from 2012 to 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA.
species lacking toxin genes (non-toxigenic or NTCD) may confer protection against CDI. However, current diagnostic tests detect either toxin proteins or toxin genes and cannot detect NTCD. This study developed a molecular testing method that uniquely identified NTCD and assessed its prevalence in a clinical cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
November 2024
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
is a new generation of probiotics, and its probiotic effects on humans and some animals have been verified. However, research on in cattle is still lacking. In this study, 24 stool samples were collected from two large-scale cattle farms in Wuzhong, Ningxia, including 12 diarrheal and 12 normal stools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!