In this paper, the influence of microbial growth kinetics on the number and the stability of steady states for a nitrogen removal process is addressed. A two-step nitrification model is studied, in which the maximum growth rate of ammonium oxidizers is larger than the one of nitrite oxidizers. This model describes the behavior of a SHARON reactor for the treatment of wastewater streams with high ammonium concentrations. Steady states are identified through direct calculation using a canonical state space model representation, for several types of microbial kinetics. The stability of the steady states is assessed and the corresponding phase portraits are analyzed. Practical operation of a SHARON reactor aims at reaching ammonium conversion to nitrite while suppressing further conversion to nitrate. Regions in the input space are identified that result in this desired behavior, with only nitrite formation. It is demonstrated that not only the dilution rate plays a role, as is commonly known, but also the influent ammonium concentration. Besides, the type of microbial (inhibition) kinetics has a nonnegligible influence. While the results indicate that product inhibition does not affect the number of steady states of a (bio)reactor model, it is shown that substrate inhibition clearly yields additional steady states. Particular attention is devoted to the physical interpretation of these phenomena.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21464 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A cross-species assessment of in silico prediction methods of steady-state volume of distribution using Simcyp Simulators.
J Pharm Sci
December 2024
Certara UK Ltd., Certara Predictive Technologies Division, 1 Concourse Way, Level 2-Acero, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Predicting steady-state volume of distribution (V) is a key component of pharmacokinetic predictions and often guided using preclinical data. However, when bottom-up prediction from physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and observed V misalign in preclinical species, or predicted V from different models varies significantly, no consensus exists for selecting models or preclinical species to improve the prediction. Through systematic analysis of V prediction across rat, dog, monkey, and human, using common methods, a practical strategy for predicting human V, with or without integration of preclinical PK information is warranted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermosensitive hydrogel delivery of BCG lysates and tumor antigens: A novel strategy for melanoma immunoprevention and therapeutics.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2024
Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. Electronic address:
Melanoma, recognized as one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, continues to show a steady rise in global incidence. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been identified as a potential intralesional therapy for melanoma, its therapeutic efficacy remains suboptimal. This study introduces a novel thermosensitive hydrogel formulated with BCG lysates and either OVA peptide or tumor cell lysates (PPP-BCG-OVA/TL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRheology of dilute and semi-dilute non-Brownian suspensions made of irregular porous particles in a Newtonian fluid.
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
Dept. of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, CE, Italy. Electronic address:
Hypothesis: The porosity affects the rheological response of porous particle suspensions.
Experiments: Non-Brownian suspensions of porous particles immersed in a Newtonian Polyisobutene are investigated. Three different particles, with different porosity, pore structure and similar size, and non-porous irregular particles are used.
Morphology control and enhanced activity of (Cu-S)MOF@ZnS heterostructures for photocatalytic H production.
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
A novel metal-organic framework (MOF), (Cu-S)MOF, with a copper-sulfur planar structure was applied to photocatalytic H production application. (Cu-S)MOF@ZnS nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. The formation of (Cu-S)MOF and wurtzite ZnS in the composite nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-invasive pressure-volume loop derived temporal elastance, contractility, and efficiency indices for assessing Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
Heart Vessels
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Rhodes Hall 593, 2851 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
Ejection fraction is commonly used to assess Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy (DMDAC), but it may remain normal (wrongly) despite significant myocardial dysfunction in patients. Therefore, better indicators of myocardial dysfunction are needed for longitudinal (with time) assessment and treatment of DMDAC patients. This study evaluates non-invasive LV PV loop-derived elastance, contractility and efficiency in relation to EF for patients developing DMDAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!