The polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women. It is a heterogeneous familial condition of uncertain aetiology. The diagnosis is made by the detection of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination and the occurrence of single or multiple clinical features such as menstrual cycle disturbances, obesity, acne, hirsutism, alopecia and biochemical abnormalities such as hypersecretion of luteinising hormone and testosterone. In a significant number of women with this condition there is impaired insulin metabolism. Women with the polycystic ovary syndrome are at an increased risk of developing diabetes and possibly cardiovascular disease in later life. The management should be symptom-orientated. Menstrual cycle regulation may be attained with the combined oral contraceptive pill or cyclical progestogen therapy. In obese women, with the loss of weight, the symptoms and endocrine profile are generally improved. Short-term treatment with metformin may be useful in women with insulin resistance. Hyperandrogenism may be treated with the contraceptive pill containing cyproterone acetate or with short-term low-dose anti-androgen therapy, together with effective contraception. Ovulation may be induced with clomiphene citrate with careful monitoring, failing which low-dose gonadotrophin therapy or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy are effective options.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610601113797 | DOI Listing |
Syst Biol Reprod Med
December 2025
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, India.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex polygenic endocrinopathy affecting 5-20% of reproductive-age women. Familial studies, candidate gene studies, and GWAS have identified multiple PCOS-associated genetic loci. This study aims to identify the functional variants associated with PCOS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
February 2025
The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Introduction: The current study demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) is closely related to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there are numerous factors that lead to OS, therefore, identifying the key genes associated with PCOS that contribute to OS is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis of PCOS and selecting appropriate treatment strategies.
Methods: Four datasets (GSE95728, GSE106724, GSE138572, and GSE145296) were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database.
J Ovarian Res
March 2025
Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is currently recognized as a condition that affects several systems in the body, including the reproductive, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. Prevalent among teenagers and women of reproductive age. Prior research has demonstrated an elevation of miR-34a-5p within the follicular fluid (FF) of women of PCOS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2025
Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in reproductive-age women, and its etiology and exact treatment are not yet established. Adropin is a unique hepatokine involved in maintaining energy homeostasis, and its level has been reported to decline in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS women. Thus, present study was designed to investigate the effect of adropin on hormonal and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJBRA Assist Reprod
March 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Chembur, Mumbai-400074, India.
Objective: With one in ten women globally suffering from it, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has recently emerged as one of the most common endocrine multifactorial illnesses. Each patient may not experience all the potential symptoms of PCOS, which include insulin resistance, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, hyperandrogenism, weight gain, etc.
Methods: Although symptomatic treatments like ovarian drilling procedures or cosmetic lotions to alleviate hirsutism do not address the underlying cause, there is still no comprehensive treatment for PCOS.
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