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Critical Evaluation of Indices Used to Assess β-Cell Function.
Diabetes
March 2024
Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
The assessment of β-cell function, defined as the relationship between insulin secretion rate (ISR) and plasma glucose, is not standardized and often involves any of a number of β-cell function indices. We compared β-cell function by using popular indices obtained during basal conditions and after glucose ingestion, including the HOMA-B index, the basal ISR (or plasma insulin)-to-plasma glucose concentration ratio, the insulinogenic and ISRogenic indices, the ISR (or plasma insulin)-to-plasma glucose concentration areas (or incremental areas) under the curve ratio, and the disposition index, which integrates a specific β-cell function index value with an estimate of insulin sensitivity, between lean people with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 50) and four groups of people with obesity (n = 188) with 1) NFG-NGT, 2) NFG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and IGT, and 4) type 2 diabetes. We also plotted the ISR-plasma glucose relationship before and after glucose ingestion and used a statistical mixed-effects model to evaluate group differences in this relationship (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyroid nodule malignancy is associated with increased non-invasive hepatic fibrosis scores in metabolic subjects.
Front Oncol
October 2023
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Introduction: Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing, and adiposity-related conditions are gaining space in its pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to detect any anthropometric, biohumoral, and clinical features that might be associated with thyroid nodule malignancy, potentially representing novel non-invasive markers of thyroid cancer.
Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in a group of 142 consecutive outpatients (47 men and 95 women) who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy/cytology (FNAB/C) due to suspicion of malignancy from January 2018 to September 2022.
Effects of the Consumption of Low to Medium Glycemic Index-based Rice on the Rate of Insulin Initiation in Patients with Gestational Diabetes: A Triple-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Clin Ther
April 2023
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Thailand; Thammasat Diabetes Center, Thammasat University Hospital, Khlong Nueng, Thailand.
Introduction: Medical nutritional therapy is vital in patients with diabetes. A low glycemic index (GI) is generally advised in the management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the efficacy of this advice has not been systematically examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative evaluation of serum high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels and glycated hemoglobin levels and periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients: A pilot project.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol
October 2022
Associate Professor, Dentistry Program, IBN Sina National College of Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA.
Background: High levels of cholesterol in the body can be alarming and point toward a possible cardiac or diabetic problem. Current evidence reveals that the harmful low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol tend to increase in poorly controlled diabetes, whereas the useful high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known for its protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, is decreased. With a positive evidence of periodontal disease being implicated in diabetes, it was decided to investigate whether there was any association between serum HDL, LDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and periodontal status with Type II diabetes mellitus patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe characteristics of postprandial glycemic response patterns to white rice and glucose in healthy adults: Identifying subgroups by clustering analysis.
Front Nutr
October 2022
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Objectives: Large interpersonal variability in postprandial glycemic response (PGR) to white rice has been reported, and differences in the PGR patterns during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) have been documented. However, there is scant study on the PGR patterns of white rice. We examined the typical PGR patterns of white rice and glucose and the association between them.
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