Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Published: April 2007
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Objectives: Alcohol dependence has been associated with disrupted neuroendocrine systems, impulsivity in intertemporal choice (delay discounting). However, little is known regarding stability of discount rates in alcoholics. This study examined both differential stability (stability of individual differences) and absolute stability (stability of group mean) of hyperbolic discount rates for monetary gains in severe alcoholic inpatients (diagnosed with DSM-IV) over a 2-month period during abstinence.
Methods: We estimated male alcoholics' discount rates for delayed monetary rewards on the basis of their pattern of choices between smaller immediate rewards (1,100-8,000 yen) and larger, delayed rewards (2,500-8,500 yen; at delays from 1 week to 6 months), two times at 2-month time-interval during hospitalized alcohol withdrawal.
Results: It was observed that the alcoholics' mean hyperbolic discount rates for gains had both differential and absolute stability over 2 months, although a slight non-significant decrease in the group mean of the discount rates was observed.
Conclusions: The results indicate that abstinent alcoholic's discount rates are stable over a relatively long-term period. The usefulness of assessing discount rates of addicts in psychoneuroendocrinology and neuroeconomics of addiction is discussed.
Objective: Aim: To evaluate the impact of corrective coefficients on the income of multidisciplinary mobile palliative care teams (MMPCT) in Ukraine under different scenarios, such as new contracts, patient count, and service cost variability, to identify optimization pathways for resource management in palliative care.
Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including sources from JAMA Scholar and PubMed. The Monte Carlo method simulated 10 000 scenarios of uncertainty, such as patient count and diagnoses, to assess the effect of corrective coefficients.
Background: Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare, life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. Caplacizumab is the only treatment approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for iTTP, to be given in combination with plasma exchange therapy (PEX) and immunosuppression (IS). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's independent appraisal committee assessed the cost-effectiveness of caplacizumab and concluded that the addition of caplacizumab to PEX+IS is cost-effective under a patient access scheme in the United Kingdom.
Introduction: This analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of tirzepatide 5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg (both administered once weekly) in people not achieving glycemic control on metformin, based on the results of the head-to-head SURPASS J-mono trial from a Japanese healthcare payer perspective.
Methods: A cost-utility analysis was performed over a 50-year time horizon using an implementation of the UKPDS Outcomes Model 2 developed in Microsoft Excel.
Study Question: Is there an association between the somatic loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) and endometriosis disease severity and worse clinical outcomes?
Summary Answer: Somatic PTEN loss in endometriosis epithelium was associated with greater disease burden and subsequent surgical complexity.
What Is Known Already: Somatic cancer-driver mutations including those involving the PTEN and ARID1A genes exist in endometriosis without cancer; however, their clinical impact remains unclear.
Study Design, Size, Duration: This prospective longitudinal study involved endometriosis tissue and clinical data from 126 participants who underwent surgery at a tertiary center for endometriosis (2013-2017), with a follow-up period of 5-9 years.
Estimating the cost to society from a ton of CO-termed the social cost of carbon (SCC)-requires connecting a model of the climate system with a representation of the economic and social effects of changes in climate, and the aggregation of diverse, uncertain impacts across both time and space. A growing literature has examined the effect of fundamental structural elements of the models supporting SCC calculations. This work has accumulated in a piecemeal fashion, leaving their relative importance unclear.
