A fatal Clostridium septicum infection occurred in three patients. Case 1. A 55-year-old man died of septicaemia resulting from granulocytopenia of uncertain aetiology; it was associated with perforation of ileal mucosal ulcers. Autopsy revealed neutropenic enterocolitis and diffuse gas formation, especially in the brain, caused by Clostridium septicum. Case 2. A 18-year-old boy developed a caecal invagination during imipenem-induced granulocytopenia. A fulminant postoperative Clostridium septicum infection ended fatally. At autopsy many ulcers were found at the site of invagination with gas formation involving all organs. Case 3. Myonecrosis of the left arm, caused by Clostridium septicum, developed without external cause in a 12-year-old girl with congenital neutropenia. Despite aggressive surgical intervention she died of toxic shock. Autopsy revealed caecal mucosal ulcers as the portal of entry of Clostridium septicum.
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