Maternal and child health problems: the inter-generational consequences of early maternal aggression and withdrawal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of childhood aggression and social withdrawal on adult health, and to examine the transfer of health-risk to offspring. Previous studies have linked aggression to poor health habits, whereas social withdrawal has been linked to increased symptom reporting. Little research has attempted to examine the effects of parents' childhood behaviour problems on health in the next generation. Seventy-four parents from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Montreal (roughly half of whom were identified in childhood as being highly aggressive and/or withdrawn) and their offspring aged 9-11-years old participated in this prospective, longitudinal study. Health histories of mothers and target children were taken during structured home interviews. Regression analyses tested the relationship between parents' behaviour problems in childhood and subsequent health outcomes in both generations. Mothers who were high on both aggression and withdrawal in childhood showed the earliest signs of health problems. Maternal childhood aggression predicted lower self-rated health and some current health problems, whereas maternal childhood withdrawal predicted more somatizing symptoms such as frequent headaches. Offspring of socially withdrawn mothers or fathers were more likely to be prescribed medication for respiratory problems and Ritalin, despite no matching maternal reports of higher incidence of behavior or respiratory problems. In summary, there were distinct health patterns for families of individuals who are highly aggressive and socially withdrawn in childhood, with implications for transfer of poor health habits to the next generation.