We studied cholinergic component of visceral sensory input to defensive behavior command neurons in edible snail. Nicotinic receptor antagonist tubocurarine and muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine reversibly decreased the amplitude of the total excitatory postsynaptic potential induced by electrostimulation of the peripheral region in the mechanosensory receptor field of command neurons on the surface of internal organs. Our results indicate that acetylcholine is involved in sensory signal transduction from the visceral sac to command neurons of snail parietal ganglia. The subsynaptic membrane of visceral synaptic input contains nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
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Light Sci Appl
January 2025
Spin-Optics laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
We introduce a novel neuromorphic network architecture based on a lattice of exciton-polariton condensates, intricately interconnected and energized through nonresonant optical pumping. The network employs a binary framework, where each neuron, facilitated by the spatial coherence of pairwise coupled condensates, performs binary operations. This coherence, emerging from the ballistic propagation of polaritons, ensures efficient, network-wide communication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address:
Animals construct diverse behavioral repertoires by moving a limited number of body parts with varied kinematics and patterns of coordination. There is evidence that distinct movements can be generated by changes in activity dynamics within a common pool of motoneurons or by selectively engaging specific subsets of motoneurons in a task-dependent manner. However, in most cases, we have an incomplete understanding of the patterns of motoneuron activity that generate distinct actions and of how upstream premotor circuits select and assemble such motor programs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
January 2025
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. Electronic address:
While considerable progress has been made in understanding the neuronal circuits that underlie the patterning of locomotor behaviors, less is known about the circuits that amplify motoneuron output to adjust muscle force. Here, we demonstrate that propriospinal V3 neurons (Sim1) account for ∼20% of excitatory input to motoneurons across hindlimb muscles. V3 neurons also form extensive connections among themselves and with other excitatory premotor neurons, such as V2a neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Robot
January 2025
Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of London, London, UK.
Despite the advances in bionic reconstruction of missing limbs, the control of robotic limbs is still limited and, in most cases, not felt to be as natural by users. In this study, we introduce a control approach that combines robotic design based on postural synergies and neural decoding of synergistic behavior of spinal motoneurons. We developed a soft prosthetic hand with two degrees of actuation that realizes postures in a two-dimensional linear manifold generated by two postural synergies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146.
Animals alter their behavior in response to changes in the environment. Upon encountering hyperosmotic conditions, the nematode worm initiates avoidance and cessation of egg-laying behavior. While the sensory pathway for osmotic avoidance is well-understood, less is known about how egg laying is inhibited.
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