How the actin cytoskeleton is harnessed to fulfill its diverse cellular functions is a recurrent and intriguing question. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Kim et al. and Massarwa et al. describe a new role for F-actin, and more specifically the actin regulator WASp, in myoblast fusion in Drosophila.
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Freeze-tolerant crickets fortify their actin cytoskeleton in fat body tissue.
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Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2321 Notre Dame Ave, Antigonish NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
Animals that overwinter in temperate climates must prevent or repair damage to their cells to survive winter, but we know little about how they protect cellular structure at the cytoskeletal level. Both chilling (no ice formation) and freezing (ice formation) are hypothesized to cause substantial challenges to cell structure and the cytoskeleton. The spring field cricket Gryllus veletis becomes freeze tolerant following a 6-week acclimation to fall-like conditions, during which they differentially express multiple cytoskeleton-related genes.
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Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address:
Measuring co-localization of different types of molecules is essential to understand molecular organization in biological systems. The pair cross-correlation (PCC) function computed from two-color microscopy images provides a measure of co-localization between differently labeled molecules. Here, we compute a theoretical expression for the PCC function between two molecules using two-dimensional Gaussian distributions as the effective point spread functions for single molecules.
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Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163-1062, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163-1062, USA. Electronic address:
Sarcomere length-dependent activation (LDA) is the key cellular mechanism underlying the Frank-Starling law of the heart, in which sarcomere stretch leads to increased Ca sensitivity of myofilament and force of contraction. Despite its key role in both normal and pathological states, the precise mechanisms underlying LDA remain unclear but are thought to involve multiple interactions among sarcomere proteins, including troponin of the thin filament, myosin, titin and myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C). Our previous study with permeabilized rat cardiac fibers demonstrated that the mechanism underlying the increase in Ca sensitivity of thin filament induced by sarcomere stretch may involve sarcomere length (SL)-induced interactions between troponin and weakly bound, disordered relaxed state (DRX) myosin heads in diastole, rather than strong myosin-actin crossbridge interactions.
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Acute pancreatitis can lead to systemic inflammation and multiple organ damage. Increased endothelial permeability is a hallmark of systemic inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) functions as a proinflammatory factor in various diseases.
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