Gatifloxacin is a flouroquinolone anti-bacterial agent. This study proved that even the presence of small amounts of water in the recrystallisation medium influenced the product obtained. Different crystal forms were produced from various binary mixtures of ethanol and water. Where mixtures had a water content greater than (or equal to) 50% v/v, only hydrated crystal forms were produced and no ethanol was incorporated into the lattice.
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Photonic axion insulator.
Science
January 2025
Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Axions, hypothetical elementary particles that remain undetectable in nature, can arise as quasiparticles in three-dimensional crystals known as axion insulators. Previous implementations of axion insulators have largely been limited to two-dimensional systems, leaving their topological properties in three dimensions unexplored in experiment. Here, we realize an axion insulator in a three-dimensional photonic crystal and probe its topological properties.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Innate immunity relies on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain-containing TLR adaptors TRIF (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β) and TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule) are essential for MyD88-independent TLR signaling. However, the structural basis of TRIF and TRAM TIR domain-based signaling remains unclear.
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ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
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Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117580, Singapore.
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