Studies on radiation-induced breast and thyroid cancers have demonstrated that age at exposure is a major determinant of risk, with the greatest risk being for those irradiated as children and adolescents. In measuring the outcome of treatment, the ability to provide toxicity-free survival and minimal risk of second cancer may in future be regarded as important as achieving disease-free survival or local control. Herein we present two cases of secondary cancer with good treatment outcome that occurred 20 years after treatment for primary malignancies in childhood.
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