Objectives: The incidence of HIV-1 dual infections is generally thought to be low, but as dual infections have been associated with accelerated disease progression, its recognition is clinically important. Methods to identify HIV-1 dual infections are time consuming and are not routinely performed.
Design: Genotyping of the HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (prot/RT) genes is commonly performed in the western world to detect drug-resistance mutations in clinical isolates. In our hospital, prot/RT baseline sequencing is part of the patient care for all newly infected patients in the Amsterdam region since 2003. We reasoned that degenerate base codes in this sequence could indicate either extensive viral evolution or infection with multiple HIV-1 strains.
Methods: We amplified, cloned and sequenced multiple HIV-1 envelope (env)-V3 and gag sequences from patients with 34 or more (range 34-99) degenerate base codes in the ViroSeq genotyping RT sequence (37 out of 1661 available records) to estimate the number of HIV-1 dual infections in this group.
Results: Of the 37 patients included in this study, 16 (43.2%, equal to 1% of the 1661 total records) had an HIV-1 dual infection based on phylogenetic analysis of env-V3/gag sequences. If only sequences with 45 or more degenerate base codes were taken into account, 73.3% of patients showed evidence of a dual infection.
Conclusion: We describe an additional use of routinely performed HIV-1 genotyping. In patients with a high number of degenerate bases (> or = 34) in RT it is important to consider the possibility of a dual HIV-1 infection.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280f3c08a | DOI Listing |
ACS Nano
January 2025
Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The Center of Infection and Immunity, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
Tumor-specific T cells play a vital role in potent antitumor immunity. However, their efficacy is severely affected by the spatiotemporal orchestration of antigen-presentation as well as the innate immune response in dendritic cells (DCs). Herein, we develop a minimalist nanovaccine that exploits a dual immunofunctional polymeric nanoplatform (DIPNP) to encapsulate ovalbumin (OVA) via electrostatic interaction when the nanocarrier serves as both STING agonist and immune adjuvant in DCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACC Adv
December 2024
Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) management has evolved rapidly in recent decades, but disparities in health care access persist among countries with varying socioeconomic backgrounds.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate global mortality trends from VHD and assess the difference between middle- and high-income countries.
Methods: We obtained mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database for VHD and its subgroups (rheumatic valvular disease [RVD], infective endocarditis [IE], aortic stenosis [AS], and mitral regurgitation [MR]) from 2000 to 2019.
J Spine Surg
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, PA, USA.
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an anterior surgical approach for interbody fusion in the lumbar spine which affords the surgeon unfettered access to the disc space and allows for release of the anterior longitudinal ligament and insertion of a large, lordotic interbody graft. Despite the benefits associated with ALIF when compared with other lumbar interbody fusion techniques, the ALIF approach is associated with a number of unique complications, and certain patient-specific criteria (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Surg
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firoozgar Clinical Research and Development Center (FCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Complete Cytoreduction (CC) in ovarian cancer (OC) has been associated with better outcomes. Outcomes after CC have a multifactorial and interrelated cause that may not be predictable by conventional statistical methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be more accurate in predicting outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitol Res
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Dell'Università, 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
Balantioides coli is the only ciliated protist of both human and veterinary interest and colonises the large intestine of several hosts, including humans and pigs. Given the scarcity of data on B. coli circulation in pigs in Italy, a study was planned to record its prevalence and genetic types and compare the analytical sensitivity of two copromicroscopic techniques.
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