Int J Parasitol
The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Published: June 2007
Malaria causes morbidity in 300-500 million people each year and claims 2-3 millions lives annually, mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1983, the cloning of malaria antigens offered great promise for developing a viable subunit vaccine. However, an efficacious human vaccine is still not available. Immunological studies on how the host's immune system interacts with the parasite and studies on the pathogenic aspect of Plasmodium have found that several factors can impede protection by current vaccines. These findings suggest a novel approach needs to be considered.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.02.007 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Microbiol
December 2017
Servicio de Parasitología-Chagas, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Assessment of parasitological cure upon treatment with available drugs relies on achieving consistent negative results in conventional parasitological and serological tests, which may take years to assess. Here, we evaluated the use of a recombinant antigen termed trypomastigote small surface antigen (TSSA) as an early serological marker of drug efficacy in -infected children. A cohort of 78 pediatric patients born to -infected mothers was included in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitology
May 2015
Antigen Discovery Inc.,Irvine,California 92618,USA.
Acquisition of acute toxoplasmosis during the first trimester of pregnancy can have catastrophic consequences for the foetus. Diagnosis is routinely based on the detection of maternal Toxoplasma gondii--antibodies using whole parasite extracts as detection antigen. While such assays are sensitive, they show no specificity for the stage of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArq Neuropsiquiatr
June 2011
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Objective: To evaluate the performance of two antigenic preparations (vesicular fluid - VF and a glycoprotein fraction, LLa-Gp fraction, purified from a whole parasite extract by lentil lectin affinity chromatography) from Taenia solium cysticerci for the immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis.
Method: Fifty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (22 from patients with neurocysticercosis and 34 from patients with other neurological disorders) and 57 serum samples (22 from patients with neurocysticercosis, 18 from patients with other infections and 17 from presumably healthy persons) were assayed for anticysticercal IgG antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The VF ELISA showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in CSF and serum samples, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the LLa-Gp ELISA were, respectively, 90.
Trends Parasitol
August 2011
Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
New technologies and some disillusionment with subunit vaccines has led to increased interest in the development of whole parasite vaccines for malaria. Instead, the current priority should be to build on the partial success of the recombinant protein sporozoite vaccine, RTS,S. There are many possible options for delivering a subunit vaccine but the simplest option, formulating recombinant proteins in an adjuvant, should be fully explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Parasitol
August 2011
Glycomics Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Now, 27 years following the cloning of malaria antigens with the promise of the rapid development of a malaria vaccine, we face significant obstacles that are belatedly being addressed. Poor immunogenicity of subunit vaccine antigens and significant antigenic diversity of target epitopes represent major hurdles for which there are no clear strategies for a way forward within the current paradigm. Thus, a different paradigm - a vaccine that uses the whole organism - is now being examined.
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