Background: Helicobacter pylori is a significant aetiological factor for acid peptic diseases and gastric cancer. Detection of the organism in gastric mucosal biopsies is important, hence the need to ascertain the optimal site for biopsy that will facilitate identification of the organism.
Study Design: The study was carried out by obtaining directed gastric and duodenal endoscopic biopsies from twenty-five adult Nigerian patients clinically diagnosed to have gastroduodenitis at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Biopsies were obtained from the gastric body, pyloric antrum, first and second parts of the duodenum at endoscopy. The biopsy specimens were tested for H. pylori by Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and histology.
Results: Positive results for H. pylori by CLO test were detected in 67% each for the biopsies taken from the gastric antrum and incisura angularis; and 28% and 17% for those taken from first and second parts of the duodenum respectively. There was no benefit in taking additional biopsy from incisura angularis to that from the antrum. Helicobacter pylori was better detected in the mucosa of the antrum (72%) than that of the duodenum (28%), p < 0.05. The organism was detected in 28% by histological examination of the tissue specimen of the patients compared to 72% by CLO test, p < 0.05.
Conclusion: The study shows that the detection of H. pylori by invasive technique is better obtained by taking biopsy at the gastric antrum in Nigerian patients with gastroduodenitis. Furthermore, the CLO test yields more positive results than histological evaluation in the detection of the infection.
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