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Difficulty in diagnosing intracranial infection caused by Mycobacterium avium in an AIDS patient: case report and review of the literature.
Diagn Pathol
July 2024
Department II of Infectious Diseases, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a rare but serious pathogen, particularly affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-positive individuals, often with poor outcomes.
- A case study involved a 31-year-old male experiencing severe CNS symptoms and identified lesions, which worsened despite treatment for other potential infections.
- The study highlights the importance of timely tissue sampling and molecular testing for accurate diagnosis of MAC infections in HIV patients to facilitate appropriate treatment.
When Lymphoma Strikes the Pancreas: A Rare Presentation of Systemic Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient.
J Hematol
October 2023
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with pancreatic involvement being exceedingly rare and documented in only a handful of case reports. We present a unique case of a 31-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive male with multisite ALK-negative ALCL, who initially presented with a buttock ulcer, leading to a suspicion of primary cutaneous ALCL or lymphomatoid papulosis. However, the discovery of multiple extracutaneous sites, including an atypical pancreatic head involvement, confirmed the diagnosis of systemic ALK-negative ALCL with cutaneous manifestation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeningovascular Syphilis: A Case of a Young Man Presenting With Acute Stroke and Pulmonary Emboli.
Cureus
September 2023
Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF)Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida Healthcare Graduate Medical Education (GME), Kissimmee, USA.
Syphilis is caused by the spirochete and classically progresses through a series of stages with increasing symptomatology if unrecognized and untreated. Importantly, central nervous system invasion can occur at any stage, which can lead to variable presentations of neurosyphilis. One such manifestation is meningovascular syphilis, which causes thrombosis of the cerebral vasculature, leading to stroke-like symptoms such as hemiplegia and aphasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisseminated Cryptococcosis Revealing an HIV Infection: A Case Report.
Cureus
April 2023
Biology Department, Medical Analysis Laboratory, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR.
Cryptococcosis is a common fungal infection regarded as a disease of immunocompromised patients with high mortality. Cryptococcosis is usually observed in the central nervous system and lungs. However, other organs may be involved such as skin, soft tissue, and bones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisseminated cryptococcosis with gastrointestinal involvement and false-negative cryptococcal antigen testing due to postzone phenomenon: a case report and review of the literature.
BMC Infect Dis
April 2023
Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Redwood City, CA, USA.
Background: Cryptococcosis is an increasingly common infection given the growing immunocompromised population worldwide. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity and is the mainstay of diagnosis. However, there may be rare instances in which false-negative CrAg results can delay diagnosis and early treatment, which are critical to ensure positive outcomes.
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