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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with changes in brain structure. It is unknown if thickness and volumetric changes can identify AD stages and if they are similar to other genetic forms of AD.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected for 178 DS adults (106 nonclinical, 45 preclinical, and 27 symptomatic).

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Background: We still know little about the effective pharmacological treatment of heart failure (HF) associated with the Fontan circulation. One of the new options may be sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which have been proven effective in classic forms of left ventricular HF.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect and safety of SGLT2i inclusion in adults with Fontan circulation.

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Study Design: Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to pool the available data comparing MIS to open surgery for thoracolumbar fractures and provide a more comprehensive assessment on this topic.

Background: There remains a debate over whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or open fixation provides superior outcomes for patients with thoracolumbar fractures.

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Deficient Mismatch Repair and BRAF Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the South Island of New Zealand.

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol

January 2025

Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Health New Zealand/Te Whatu Ora - Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand.

Aim: Manatū Hauora, the Ministry of Health of New Zealand (NZ), published minimum standards for molecular testing of colorectal cancers (CRCs) in June 2018. These included mismatch repair (MMR) testing at diagnosis and BRAFV600E mutation analysis on newly diagnosed stage IV CRCs. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with CRC in the South Island of NZ with metastatic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC, the proportion of metastatic CRCs and dMMR CRCs that have a BRAFV600E mutation, and audit testing for BRAF mutations and appropriate referral to genetics services.

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Impact of Frailty on Antihypertensive Treatment in Older Adults.

Hypertension

January 2025

The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Newtown, Australia (L.C., S.Y., N.E., M.W., T.L., Y.G., C.S.A., K.H., X.C., R.P.).

Background: The association between systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality differs between frail and nonfrail individuals, highlighting uncertainties about the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments in frail populations.

Methods: Using data from the SHEP trial (Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program), a baseline frailty index (FI), including 55 variables, was constructed. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association between baseline FI and the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death, as well as to examine whether the impact of antihypertensive treatment on these outcomes was modified by baseline FI.

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