Early rectal cancer: definition and management.

Background: Local excision of rectal cancer is an alternative to radical resection but today its role surrounding the management of patients with early stage rectal cancer (T1-T2-N0) represents an important surgical issue.

Aim: To analyze the results of 135 patients with early stage low rectal cancer treated with local excision by transanal endoscopic microsurgery and in the case of T2 also by neoadjuvant therapy.

Study Design: 135 patients with T1-T2-N0-M0 rectal cancer were enrolled in the study. Staging according to the definitive histological findings was as follows: pT0 in 24 patients (17.8%), pT1 in 66 patients (48.8%) and pT2 in 45 patients (33.4%).

Results: Minor complications were observed in 12 patients (8.8%) whereas major complications were seen only in 2 patients (1.5%). At a median follow-up of 78 (36-125) months, local recurrences occurred in 4 patients and distal metastasis in 2 patients (all patients were staged preoperatively T2). Disease-free survival rates in T1 and T2 patients were 100 and 93% respectively at the end of follow-up.

Conclusions: With respect to local recurrence and survival rate, the long-term results of early stage rectal cancer in patients treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery were similar to those reported in the literature after conventional surgery (total mesorectal excision).