Rejuvenation of the upper third of the face by browlift has been performed endoscopically since the early 1990s and is commonly done in the subperiosteal plane with variable methods of fixation. The longevity of browlift recently has been questioned, as has the optimal plane of dissection and ideal type of fixation. From review of the literature, published study of brow soft tissue mechanics, and long-standing clinical experience with this procedure, we describe the senior author's (J.R.T.) rationale for and technique of subgaleal rather than subperiosteal endoscopic browlift. The author's technique has evolved from previous reports to now incorporate advances in absorbable fixation. Both male and female patients have been treated, as well as patients with pre-existing brow assymmetries, with excellent, durable results.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2006.11.003 | DOI Listing |
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