Olive oil is more potent than fish oil to reduce septic pulmonary dysfunctions in rats.

Background: Abdominal sepsis is frequently the cause of severe pulmonary dysfunction. Via the thoracic duct, the lung is the first organ exposed to gut-derived mediators released into the mesenteric lymph.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether an enteral immunonutrition with long chain triglycerides prevents septic pulmonary dysfunctions.

Materials And Methods: Mesenteric lymph was obtained from lymph fistula donor rats during sepsis (lipopolysaccharides [LPS], 5 mg/kg i.p.) with or without enteral immunonutrition (1% of olive oil or 1% of fish oil). Sepsis lymph was then reinfused into the jugular vein of separate recipient rats. Thereafter, the lung tissue was analyzed for the distance of oxygen diffusion, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis.

Results: Sepsis significantly increased TNFalpha release into the mesenteric lymph, whereas an enteral immunonutrition with olive oil significantly reduced the TNFalpha release into the mesenteric lymph by more than five-fold. Sepsis lymph induced a significant increase in alveolar wall thickness, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis; whereas sepsis lymph collected during olive oil resorption prevented the thickening of the alveolar walls and induced only a mild inflammation, being more potent than fish oil to reduce septic pulmonary dysfunction.

Conclusions: Mediators in the sepsis lymph induce pulmonary dysfunction. The lung may be protected by an enteral immunonutrition containing long chain triglycerides such as olive oil.