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Immunohistochemical characterization of substance P receptor (NK(1)R)-expressing interneurons in the entorhinal cortex. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Application of substance P (SP) in the entorhinal cortex (EC) shows a strong antiepileptic effect possibly through inhibitory interneurons that express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK(1)R).
  • A study examined rats to identify the presence and distribution of NK(1)R-expressing neurons, confirming their sparse presence mainly in layers II, V, and VI of the medial EC.
  • Most NK(1)R-positive neurons co-expressed GABA, somatostatin (SST), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), hinting that SP could activate these neurons to inhibit excessive activity in the EC.

Article Abstract

It has been reported that application of substance P (SP) to the medial portion of the entorhinal cortex (EC) induces a powerful antiepileptic effect (Maubach et al. [1998] Neuroscience 83:1047-1062). This effect is presumably mediated via inhibitory interneurons expressing the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK(1)R), but the existence of NK(1)R-expressing inhibitory interneurons in the EC has not yet been reported. The present immunohistochemical study was performed in the rat to examine the existence and distribution of NK(1)R-expressing neurons in the EC as well as any co-expression of other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators known to be associated with inhibitory interneurons: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), parvalbumin (PARV), calretinin (CT), calbindin (CB), somatostatin (SST), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Our results indicated that NK(1)R-positive neurons were distributed rather sparsely (especially in the medial EC), primarily in layers II, V, and VI. The results of our double-immunohistochemical staining indicated that the vast majority of NK(1)R-expressing neurons also expressed GABA, SST, and NPY. In addition, CT was co-expressed in a weakly stained subgroup of NK(1)R-expressing neurons, and CB was co-expressed very rarely in the lateral EC, but not in the medial EC. In contrast, SP-immunopositive axons with fine varicosities were distributed diffusely throughout all layers of the EC, appearing to radiate from the angular bundle. SP may be released in a paracrine manner to activate a group of NK(1)R-expressing entorhinal neurons that co-express GABA, SST, and NPY, exerting a profound inhibitory influence on synchronized network activity in the EC.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.21338DOI Listing

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