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Number of children and dementia risk: a causal mediation analysis using data from the HUNT study linked with national registries in Norway.
BMC Neurol
January 2025
Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Background: Childlessness, as well as having a high number of children, has been reported to be associated with an elevated risk of dementia compared to having 2-3 children. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are not well understood and may be mediated by different midlife risk factors. We examined the mediating role of various factors on the relationship between the number of children and dementia risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClassifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study.
JMIR Med Inform
January 2025
School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Background: Prediction models have demonstrated a range of applications across medicine, including using electronic health record (EHR) data to identify hospital readmission and mortality risk. Large language models (LLMs) can transform unstructured EHR text into structured features, which can then be integrated into statistical prediction models, ensuring that the results are both clinically meaningful and interpretable.
Objective: This study aims to compare the classification decisions made by clinical experts with those generated by a state-of-the-art LLM, using terms extracted from a large EHR data set of individuals with mental health disorders seen in emergency departments (EDs).
Identifying and managing pediatric sepsis is a major research focus, yet early detection and risk assessment remain challenging. In its early stages, sepsis symptoms often mimic those of mild infections or chronic conditions, complicating timely diagnosis. Although various early warning scores exist, their effectiveness is limited, particularly in prehospital settings where accurate, rapid assessment is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasurement properties of instruments to assess insight in psychosis: A systematic review protocol.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
Introduction: Insight in psychosis, defined as a patient's awareness and judgment of their mental illness, is a complex and evolving concept. Historically, the absence of insight was considered a defining characteristic of psychosis, but recent decades have seen the development of structured tools for its assessment. This systematic review aims to critically appraise the measurement properties of instruments used to assess insight in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum, bridging the gap between theoretical conceptualization and clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMoral Complexity in Traffic: Advancing the ADC Model for Automated Driving Systems.
Sci Eng Ethics
January 2025
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
The incorporation of ethical settings in Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) has been extensively discussed in recent years with the goal of enhancing potential stakeholders' trust in the new technology. However, a comprehensive ethical framework for ADS decision-making, capable of merging multiple ethical considerations and investigating their consistency is currently missing. This paper addresses this gap by providing a taxonomy of ADS decision-making based on the Agent-Deed-Consequences (ADC) model of moral judgment.
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