The origin of workplace bullying: experiences from the perspective of bully victims in the public service sector.

Background: Workplace bullying has attracted increased attention during the last decade due to its severe consequences on health. However, the origin of bullying has, so far, been insufficiently described.

Aim: This study investigates the manner in which bullying is initiated at workplaces in the public service sector.

Method: Twenty-two bully victims were interviewed in-depth and data were analysed according to grounded theory methodology.

Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that bullying was preceded by a long-standing struggle for power. This power struggle emanated from conflicts of values caused by organizational conditions, leadership styles and the involved parties' work expectations. In particular, individuals who perceived themselves as strong and competent or as vulnerable and sensitive persons were targeted in these types of power struggles.

Conclusions: In these cases, if values conflicts were solved, the power struggle ebbed. When values conflicts remained unsolved, the gap widened between the targeted individual and that person's opponents. Thereby, the conflict escalated and grew into one characterized by systematic and persistent bullying.