Sub-micrometer patterning of proteins by electric lithography.

We report in this paper an electric lithographic (EL) technique to generate protein patterns with sub-micrometer resolution on a poly(N-tBOC-2-aminoethyl methacrylate) surface. In the EL process, an electric potential is applied between metal patterns on a mask and the poly(N-tBOC-2-aminoethyl methacrylate) layer to electrochemically induce the dissociation of the tBOC from the amine functional groups. Proteins are then selectively attached to the amine functional groups in the modified polymer surface areas to form protein patterns. This technique can reliably generate high-resolution protein patterns down to approximately 300 nm on the polymer surface at a high speed with a simple process/system.