A series of novel, potent orthopoxvirus egress inhibitors was identified during high-throughput screening of the ViroPharma small molecule collection. Using structure--activity relationship information inferred from early hits, several compounds were synthesized, and compound 14 was identified as a potent, orally bioavailable first-in-class inhibitor of orthopoxvirus egress from infected cells. Compound 14 has shown comparable efficaciousness in three murine orthopoxvirus models and has entered Phase I clinical trials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm061484y | DOI Listing |
mSphere
December 2024
Discovery and Translations Sciences, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Unlabelled: Recombinant chimeric horsepox virus (TNX-801) is a preclinical vaccine in development against mpox and smallpox. In this report, we investigated the potential phenotypic differences in and models between TNX-801 and older vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccine strains (VACV-Lis and VACV-NYCBH) used in the eradication of smallpox as well as VACV-WR, VACV-IHD, and MVA. TNX-801 displayed a small plaque phenotype (~1-2 mm) in BSC-40 and Vero-E6 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Immunol
June 2024
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Lymphatic transport shapes the homeostatic immune repertoire of lymph nodes (LNs). LN-resident memory T cells (T) play an important role in site-specific immune memory, yet how LN T form de novo after viral infection remains unclear. Here, we tracked the anatomical distribution of antiviral CD8 T cells as they seeded skin and LN T using a model of vaccinia virus-induced skin infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
December 2023
Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
Vaccinia virus is a large double-stranded DNA virus and a close relative of Mpox and Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. During infection, Vaccinia hijacks its host's transport systems and promotes its spread into neighboring cells by recruiting a signaling network that stimulates actin polymerization. Over the years, Vaccinia has provided a powerful model to understand how signaling networks regulate actin polymerization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
June 2023
Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Viruses have developed many different strategies to counteract immune responses, and (VACV) is one of a kind in this aspect. To ensure an efficient infection, VACV undergoes a complex morphogenetic process resulting in the production of two types of infective virions: intracellular mature virus (MV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EV), whose spread depends on different dissemination mechanisms. MVs disseminate after cell lysis, whereas EVs are released or propelled in actin tails from living cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife Sci Alliance
August 2021
Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
Poxvirus egress is a complex process whereby cytoplasmic single membrane-bound virions are wrapped in a cell-derived double membrane. These triple-membrane particles, termed intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs), are released from infected cells by fusion. Whereas the wrapping double membrane is thought to be derived from virus-modified trans-Golgi or early endosomal cisternae, the cellular factors that regulate virus wrapping remain largely undefined.
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