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A complex ergovaline gene cluster in epichloe endophytes of grasses. | LitMetric

A complex ergovaline gene cluster in epichloe endophytes of grasses.

Appl Environ Microbiol

AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Published: April 2007

AI Article Synopsis

  • * A specific study on Neotyphodium lolii revealed a gene cluster involved in ergovaline production, highlighting similarities and differences in gene sequences and arrangements compared to related fungi like Claviceps purpurea and Aspergillus fumigatus.
  • * The research found that ergovaline biosynthetic genes are highly active in the plant but have low expression in lab-grown fungal cultures, paving the way for further exploration of how these compounds are produced and regulated in natural environments. *

Article Abstract

Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of the genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium form symbioses with grasses of the subfamily Pooideae, in which they can synthesize an array of bioprotective alkaloids. Some strains produce the ergopeptine alkaloid ergovaline, which is implicated in livestock toxicoses caused by ingestion of endophyte-infected grasses. Cloning and analysis of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene from Neotyphodium lolii revealed a putative gene cluster for ergovaline biosynthesis containing a single-module NRPS gene, lpsB, and other genes orthologous to genes in the ergopeptine gene cluster of Claviceps purpurea and the clavine cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus. Despite conservation of gene sequence, gene order is substantially different between the N. lolii, C. purpurea, and A. fumigatus ergot alkaloid gene clusters. Southern analysis indicated that the N. lolii cluster was linked with previously identified ergovaline biosynthetic genes dmaW and lpsA. The ergovaline genes are closely associated with transposon relics, including retrotransposons and autonomous and nonautonomous DNA transposons. All genes in the cluster were highly expressed in planta, but expression was very low or undetectable in mycelia from axenic culture. This work provides a genetic foundation for elucidating biochemical steps in the ergovaline pathway, the ecological role of individual ergot alkaloid compounds, and the regulation of their synthesis in planta.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855613PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00257-07DOI Listing

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