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Environmental risk factors for autism: an evidence-based review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Mol Autism
May 2017
Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Background: According to recent evidence, up to 40-50% of variance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) liability might be determined by environmental factors. In the present paper, we conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of environmental risk factors for ASD. We assessed each review for quality of evidence and provided a brief overview of putative mechanisms of environmental risk factors for ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of pervasive developmental disorders among children at the English Montreal School Board.
Can J Psychiatry
November 2010
Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec.
Objectives: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) has increased. There has been speculation regarding a role of thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in this trend. Our objectives were to determine prevalence rates of PDDs among school-aged children, and to evaluate the impact of discontinuation of thimerosal use in 1996 in routine childhood vaccines on PDD rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacteristics of the protective subcellular coccidioidal T27K vaccine.
Ann N Y Acad Sci
September 2007
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
While the whole killed spherule vaccine, protective in mice and monkeys, did not prevent coccidioidal disease in humans, the 27K vaccine, a soluble derivative, retains protective activity in mice with little irritant action. Gel filtration and anion exchange fractions of thimerosal-inactivated spherules (T27K), when administered with alum adjuvant, also protect mice against lethal respiratory coccidioidal challenge. However, the superb protection afforded by T27K antigens is maintained for some 3 months, but may then diminish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: prevalence and links with immunizations.
Pediatrics
July 2006
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Children's Hospital, 4018 Ste-Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3Z 1P2.
Background: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders has increased in recent years. Links with the measles component of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the cumulative exposure to thimerosal through other vaccines have been postulated.
Objectives: The purpose of this work was to estimate the pervasive developmental disorder prevalence in Montreal, Canada, in cohorts born from 1987 to 1998 and evaluate the relationship of trends in pervasive developmental disorder rates with: (1) changes in cumulative exposure to ethylmercury (thimerosal) occurring through modifications in the immunization schedule of young children and (2) trends in measles-mumps-rubella vaccination use rates and the introduction of a 2-measles-mumps-rubella dosing schedule during the study period.
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