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Background: Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are nonlethal weapons used in tactical environments. Tactical EMS (TEMS) operators provide patient care in environments where CEWs are present. CEWs may produce a spark that can be a source of ignition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comparison of three conducted electrical weapons in a surrogate swine cardiac safety model.
J Forensic Leg Med
January 2021
Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
We used a previously described methodology in a swine model to compare the relative cardiac safety of the Axon T7 Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW), released in October of 2018, to two prior generations of Axon CEWs to include the X2 and the X26E. A total of 5 swine (252 total CEW exposures) were tested by alternating the three weapons at each chest exposure location. Our testing, using systemic hypotension as the quantitative surrogate for cardiac capture, demonstrated that the T7 and X2 were not statistically different.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased Hematocrit Due to Electrical-Waveform Exposures in Splenectomized Sus scrofa.
J Forensic Sci
July 2019
Bioeffects Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234.
In laboratory studies of the pig Sus scrofa, hematocrit has consistently increased after conducted-electrical-weapon (CEW) exposures, possibly due to contraction of the spleen. Splenectomized animals and intact sham control animals were exposed, each for 30 sec, to a benchtop-produced electrical waveform of net charge levels similar to those of some CEWs. Changes in the blood were compared statistically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation (HEMI) Devices on Cardiovascular Changes in Anesthetized Swine as Measured by Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE).
J Forensic Sci
March 2019
Applied Research Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA.
The abundance of, and reliance upon, human electro-muscular incapacitation (HEMI) devices, especially in law enforcement, has generated scrutiny and examination of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular effects resulting from typical (5 sec) and longer activation (20 sec) HEMI applications studying myocardial function and peripheral vascular system using a combination of invasive cardiovascular catheters and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Six healthy swine (Sus scrofa) 3-5 months in age and weighing between 60 and 86 kg were anesthetized and exposed to the TASER Model X26 waveform while transesophageal echocardiography was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValidity of the small swine model for human electrical safety risks.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
August 2016
Small swine are the most common model now used for electrical safety studies. Because of the significant anatomical and electrophysiological differences and the effect of animal size on the ventricular fibrillation (VF) threshold, there are concerns that these differences may exaggerate the risks of electrical devices to humans. We chose, as an illustrative and relevant example, swine studies of the TASER® conducted electrical weapon (CEW) as it has numerous published VF studies.
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