In this article, we review available evidence on the treatment of patients with nonurothelial cancer of the bladder. More than 150 published works were reviewed in preparation for this summary. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are ideally treated with radical cystectomy. High-risk groups for these diseases are defined. Small cell carcinoma should be treated with multimodality therapy, including chemotherapy. Other rarer tumors of the bladder are also discussed.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.1107 | DOI Listing |
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Advances in Therapy for Urothelial and Non-Urothelial Subtype Histologies of Advanced Bladder Cancer: From Etiology to Current Development.
Biomedicines
January 2025
Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Republic of Korea.
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histological subtype of bladder tumors; however, bladder cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases with at least 40 distinct histological subtypes. Among these, the 2022 World Health Organization classification of urinary tract tumors identifies a range of less common subtypes of invasive UC, formerly known as variants, which are considered high-grade tumors, including squamous cell, small-cell, sarcomatoid urothelial, micropapillary, plasmacytoid, and urachal carcinomas, and adenocarcinoma. Their accurate histological diagnosis is critical for risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making, as most subtype histologies are associated with poorer outcomes than conventional UC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of urothelial carcinoma variant histologies and non-urothelial bladder cancers.
Int Urol Nephrol
December 2024
Medical Oncology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06100, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
Purpose: Most bladder cancers are pure urothelial carcinomas, but a small portion, approximately 5-10%, have variant histology or are non-urothelial in nature. This research sought to examine the features of and treatment strategies for different types of urothelial carcinoma with variant histologies and non-urothelial bladder cancer.
Methods: The study cohort comprised individuals with non-urothelial and variant urothelial bladder cancers treated at two medical centres in Ankara, Turkey, between 2005 and 2024.
Sex Disparities in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.
Cancers (Basel)
December 2024
Medical Oncology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, 06000 Nice, France.
Article Synopsis
- Gender differences significantly impact bladder cancer prevalence, with men at higher risk but women often diagnosed later with more advanced disease.
- Women face more challenges with treatment outcomes and experience higher rates of recurrence after certain therapies due to differing immunogenic responses.
- There is a pressing need for more research on sex and gender effects in bladder cancer to bridge gaps in treatment and improve prognoses for women.
Nectin-4 Positivity in Genitourinary Malignancies: A Systematic Review.
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December 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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- - The study investigates the expression of nectin-4 (N4) in various genitourinary (GU) cancers, particularly focusing on its relevance as a potential target for antibody-drug conjugates, given its aberrant expression in malignancies like urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UBC).
- - A systematic review analyzed 25 studies on N4 positivity across different GU tumors, finding that N4 positivity is generally higher in bladder cancers, especially in metastatic and non-muscle-invasive stages, compared to other types like upper tract urothelial carcinoma and non-urothelial cancers.
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- JCO CheckMate 274 is a phase III trial comparing adjuvant nivolumab to placebo for high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) post-surgery, showing improved disease-free survival (DFS) metrics with nivolumab treatment.
- The study documented results at a median follow-up of 36.1 months, with larger survival benefits noted for patients with positive PD-L1 expression.
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