[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cirrhosis].

A substantial epidemiologic change in the etiology of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has been observed in recent years. Gram-positive, as well as multiresistant bacteria, have emerged as an important cause of SBP mainly among hospitalized patients. In this setting, SBP caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could become a major clinical problem in the near future. We present two cases of SBP due to MRSA without clinical response to vancomycin, even though in vitro sensitivity was observed in both cases. We review the current literature on the incidence and clinical significance of SBP due to MRSA infection in cirrhotic patients, as well as its prevention and treatment.