The use of HIV testing and information about one's serostatus as an HIV prevention tool remains a complex and controversial area of debate, largely due to issues of trust: trust in the confidentiality of information, trust that health care providers will not test without consent, and trust that partners are telling the truth about their status.
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Acta Pharm Sin B
December 2024
College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Introduction: Young women are disproportionately affected by HIV in South Africa and have a high incidence of unintended pregnancies. Access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), contraception and screening for seally transmitted infections (STIs), remains limited in South Africa, in part due to inadequate infrastructure and individual barriers to care. Integrated, community-based SRH services have the potential to overcome barriers to clinic-based care for women at risk of HIV, unintended pregnancy and STIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Makerere University School of Public Health/New Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Background: Retesting for HIV during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum is crucial for identifying new infections and ensuring timely interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Uganda's national guidelines recommend that pregnant women be retested in the 3rd trimester or during labor/delivery. However, limited information exists regarding adherence to these guidelines, which may affect the effectiveness of PMTCT efforts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Inform Decis Mak
January 2025
Institute of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Health Analytics and Modelling (CHaM), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Background: Measures of diagnostic test accuracy provide evidence of how well a test correctly identifies or rules-out disease. Commonly used diagnostic accuracy measures (DAMs) include sensitivity and specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), area under precision-recall curves (AUPRC), diagnostic effectiveness (accuracy), disease prevalence, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) etc. Most available analysis tools perform accuracy testing for a single diagnostic test using summarized data.
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