Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. However, during last decades, an improvement was made in diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases, there was still a need for better understanding of their pathophysiology. Among neurohormonal systems, SNS plays a central role in cardiovascular regulation in both health and disease. Involvement of SNS in pathogenesis of hypertension, coronary artery disease or heart failure is well known and proved. Methods such as microneurography, direct catecholamine measurements, heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity assessment allowed studying sympathetic activity and its influence on cardiovascular disorders. Although introduced into scientific practice methods of SNS evaluation are not commonly used in the clinic. However, two of the methods: analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were recommended as the diagnostic tools and can be found in clinical guidelines as basic assessment methods.
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