Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus for which latent infection in B lymphocytes occurs in most individuals by middle childhood. Clinically significant reactivation of this virus occurs in the context of suppressed cell-mediated immunity, occasionally developing into lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD). EBV reactivation is rarely associated with intensive chemotherapy alone. Here we present the case of a 4-year-old female who developed EBV-LPD as a complication of prolonged immunosuppressive chemotherapy for her multiply-recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).
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