Objective: MYH9 disorders are characterised by giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, and Döhle body-like cytoplasmic granulocyte inclusion bodies that result from mutations in MYH9, the gene for non-muscle myosin heavy chain-IIA (NMMHC-IIA). MYH9 R702 mutations are highly associated with Alport manifestations and result in Epstein syndrome. The aim of our study was to determine the haematological characteristics of MYH9 disorders as a result of R702 mutations to aid in making a proper diagnosis.
Patients And Methods: Platelet size of patients with MYH9 disorders was determined as platelet diameter by microscopic observation of 200 platelets on stained peripheral blood smears. Double in situ hybridisation using a biotinylated oligo(dT) probe and immunofluorescence analysis of neutrophil NMMHC-IIA was performed on peripheral blood smears.
Results: Patients carrying R702 mutations had significantly larger platelets than those with other MYH9 mutations. Although granulocyte inclusion bodies were mostly invisible on stained blood smears, immunofluorescence analysis for NMMHC-IIA showed an abnormal type II localisation in all neutrophils. We first showed that poly(A)+ RNA coincided with accumulated NMMHC-IIA at inclusion bodies in patients with MYH9 disorders. However, no condensation of poly(A)+ RNA at inclusion bodies was observed in patients with R702 mutations.
Conclusion: Our study shows that R702 mutations result in especially large platelets and inclusion bodies being faint and mostly invisible on conventionally stained blood smears. We further demonstrated that poly(A)+ RNA content but not NMMHC-IIA accumulation is responsible for the morphological appearance/stainability of inclusion bodies on stained blood smears and the amount of poly(A)+ RNA is decreased in those with R702 mutations.
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Objectives: MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal- dominant disorder deriving from mutations in MYH9, the gene for the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC)-IIA. MYH9-RD has a complex phenotype including congenital features, such as thrombocytopenia, and noncongenital manifestations, namely sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), nephropathy, cataract, and liver abnormalities. The disease is caused by a limited number of mutations affecting different regions of the NMMHC-IIA protein.
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Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene for nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA). MYH9-RD is characterized by a considerable variability in clinical evolution: patients present at birth with only thrombocytopenia, but some of them subsequently develop sensorineural deafness, cataract, and/or nephropathy often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We searched for genotype-phenotype correlations in the largest series of consecutive MYH9-RD patients collected so far (255 cases from 121 families).
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Recent linkage analyses of nondiabetic African-American patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have identified MYH9, encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA), as a gene having a critical role in this disease. Abnormalities of the MYH9 locus also underlie rare autosomal dominant diseases such as May-Hegglin anomaly, and Sebastian, Epstein (EPS), and Fechtner (FTNS) syndromes that are characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in granulocytes. Among these diseases, patients with EPS or FTNS develop progressive nephritis and hearing disability.
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